Txij li thaum WHO tau tshaj tawm tias COVID-19 yog "tus kabmob kis thoob ntiaj teb" thaum Lub Peb Hlis 11, 2020, cov tebchaws thoob plaws ntiaj teb tau pom zoo tias kev tua kab mob yog thawj kab ntawm kev tiv thaiv los tiv thaiv kev kis tus kabmob. Ntau thiab ntau lub tsev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb tau dhau los ua kev txaus siab rau ultraviolet (UV) teeb irradiation tshuaj tua kab mob: qhov kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob no yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm tsawg kawg nkaus, tsis ua kom cov kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab tuaj yeem nqa tawm mus deb yam tsis muaj neeg tuaj. Kev txawj ntse tswj thiab siv tau tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim nyog rau cov chaw kaw pej xeem uas muaj neeg coob coob, lub sij hawm nyob ntev thiab qhov chaw sib kis feem ntau yuav tshwm sim. Nws tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob sib kis, ua kom tsis muaj menyuam thiab tua kab mob. Txhawm rau tham txog lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm ultraviolet sterilization thiab tshuaj tua kab mob, peb yuav tsum pib maj mam nrog kev tshawb pom ntawm lub teeb "ultraviolet".
Ultraviolet rays yog lub teeb nrog zaus ntawm 750THz rau 30PHz nyob rau hauv tshav ntuj, sib xws rau lub wavelength ntawm 400nm mus rau 10nm hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev. Lub teeb ultraviolet muaj ntau zaus dua li pom lub teeb thiab tsis tuaj yeem pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab. Ntev dhau los, tib neeg tsis paub tias muaj.
Ritter (Johann Wilhelm Ritter, (1776–1810).
Tom qab tus British physicist Herschel nrhiav pom tsis pom tshav kub rays, infrared rays, nyob rau hauv 1800, adhering rau lub tswvyim ntawm physics hais tias "yam muaj ob-theem symmetry", German physicist thiab chemist Johann Wilhelm Ritter, (1776-1810), nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1776-1810. tias muaj lub teeb pom tsis tau dhau qhov violet kawg ntawm qhov pom spectrum. Nws pom tau tias ib ntu sab nraum lub violet kawg ntawm lub hnub ci spectrum tuaj yeem ua rau cov duab thaij duab uas muaj nyiaj bromide, yog li nrhiav pom lub neej ntawm lub teeb ultraviolet. Yog li ntawd, Ritter tseem hu ua leej txiv ntawm lub teeb ultraviolet.
Cov kab hluav taws xob ultraviolet tuaj yeem muab faib ua UVA (vav 400nm txog 320nm, tsis tshua muaj zaus thiab yoj ntev), UVB (wavelength 320nm txog 280nm, nruab nrab zaus thiab nruab nrab nthwv dej), UVC (wavelength 280nm txog 100nm, siab yoj) 100nm txog 10nm, ultra siab zaus) 4 yam.
Xyoo 1877, Downs thiab Blunt tau tshaj tawm thawj zaug tias hnub ci hluav taws xob tuaj yeem tua cov kab mob hauv kab lis kev cai xov xwm, uas tseem qhib qhov rooj rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob ultraviolet thiab tshuaj tua kab mob. Xyoo 1878, tib neeg tau tshawb pom tias cov kab hluav taws xob ultraviolet hauv lub hnub ci muaj qhov ua kom tsis muaj menyuam thiab tua kab mob. Xyoo 1901 thiab 1906, tib neeg tau tsim cov mercury arc, ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob ultraviolet, thiab quartz teeb nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo dua ultraviolet.
Nyob rau hauv 1960, lub mechanism ntawm ultraviolet sterilization thiab tshuaj tua kab mob yog thawj zaug paub tseeb hais tias. Ntawm qhov tod tes, thaum cov kab mob kis tau los ntawm lub teeb ultraviolet, lub deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) nyob rau hauv lub cell lom absorbs ultraviolet photon zog, thiab lub nplhaib cyclobutyl tsim ib dimer ntawm ob pawg thymine uas nyob ib sab hauv tib cov saw ntawm DNA molecule. (thymine dimer). Tom qab lub dimer yog tsim, ob chav helix qauv ntawm DNA raug cuam tshuam, cov synthesis ntawm RNA primers yuav nres ntawm lub dimer, thiab replication thiab transcription functions ntawm DNA yog hindered. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov dawb radicals tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv ultraviolet irradiation, ua rau photoionization, yog li tiv thaiv cov kab mob los ntawm kev rov ua dua thiab rov tsim dua. Cells yog rhiab heev rau ultraviolet photons nyob rau hauv lub wavelength bands nyob ze 220nm thiab 260nm, thiab muaj peev xwm nqus photon zog hauv ob pawg, yog li tiv thaiv DNA replication. Feem ntau ntawm cov hluav taws xob ultraviolet nrog lub wavelength ntawm 200nm los yog luv dua yog absorbed nyob rau hauv cov huab cua, yog li nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau kis tau mus ntev. Yog li ntawd, lub ntsiab ultraviolet hluav taws xob wavelength rau sterilization yog concentrated ntawm 200nm thiab 300nm. Txawm li cas los xij, ultraviolet rays absorbed hauv qab 200nm yuav decompose oxygen molecules nyob rau hauv cov huab cua thiab tsim ozone, uas tseem yuav ua si lub luag hauj lwm ntawm sterilization thiab tshuaj tua kab mob.
Cov txheej txheem ntawm luminescence los ntawm kev zoo siab tawm ntawm mercury vapor tau paub txij li thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th: lub vapor yog nyob rau hauv ib lub iav raj, thiab ib tug voltage yog siv rau ob hlau electrodes ntawm ob kawg ntawm lub raj, yog li tsim ib tug. "arc ntawm lub teeb", ua rau lub ncu glow. Txij li thaum lub sij hawm transmittance ntawm iav mus rau ultraviolet yog tsawg heev nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawd, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ultraviolet tsis tau pom dua.
Xyoo 1904, Dr. Richard Küch ntawm Heraeus hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees siv cov npuas tsis muaj npuas, siab purity quartz iav los tsim thawj quartz ultraviolet mercury teeb, Original Hanau® Höhensonne. Yog li ntawd, Küch tau suav tias yog tus tsim khoom ntawm ultraviolet mercury teeb thiab yog tus thawj coj hauv kev siv cov teeb pom kev zoo rau tib neeg irradiation hauv kev kho mob lub teeb.
Txij li thawj quartz ultraviolet mercury teeb tau tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1904, tib neeg pib kawm nws daim ntawv thov hauv kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam. Xyoo 1907, txhim kho quartz ultraviolet teeb tau dav ua lag luam raws li kev kho mob teeb pom kev zoo. Xyoo 1910, hauv Marseilles, Fabkis, cov kab mob tua kab mob ultraviolet tau siv thawj zaug hauv kev tsim cov kev kho dej hauv nroog, nrog kev kho txhua hnub ntawm 200 m3 / d. Nyob ib ncig ntawm 1920, tib neeg pib kawm txog ultraviolet hauv thaj chaw ntawm huab cua tua kab mob. Xyoo 1936, tib neeg tau pib siv tshuab ultraviolet sterilization hauv tsev kho mob chav ua haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv 1937, ultraviolet sterilization tshuab tau siv thawj zaug hauv tsev kawm ntawv los tswj kev kis tus kab mob rubella.
Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-1960s, tib neeg pib siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob ultraviolet hauv nroog kho dej phwj tuaj. Los ntawm 1965 txog 1969, Ontario Water Resources Commission nyob rau hauv Canada tau tshawb fawb thiab kev soj ntsuam ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob ultraviolet hauv nroog cov dej phwj tuaj thiab nws qhov cuam tshuam rau kev txais cov dej hauv lub cev. Xyoo 1975, Norway tau tshaj tawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob ultraviolet, hloov cov tshuaj tua kab mob chlorine nrog cov khoom lag luam. Ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb thaum ntxov tau ua los ntawm kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob ultraviolet hauv kev kho dej hauv nroog.
Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias cov kws tshawb fawb nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd pom tau hais tias cov tshuaj chlorine seem hauv cov txheej txheem tshuaj tua kab mob chlorination tau siv dav hauv cov ntses thiab lwm yam kab mob hauv lub cev tau txais dej. , thiab nws tau tshawb pom thiab paub tseeb tias cov tshuaj tua kab mob xws li tshuaj tua kab mob chlorine tuaj yeem tsim cov carcinogenic thiab genetic aberration by-products xws li trihalomethanes (THMs). Cov kev tshawb pom no tau ua rau tib neeg nrhiav txoj hauv kev zoo dua tshuaj tua kab mob. Xyoo 1982, lub tuam txhab Canadian tau tsim lub ntiaj teb thawj qhov qhib-channel ultraviolet tshuaj tua kab mob.
Xyoo 1998, Bolton tau ua pov thawj qhov ua tau zoo ntawm lub teeb ultraviolet hauv kev rhuav tshem cov protozoa, yog li txhawb kev siv cov tshuab tua kab mob ultraviolet hauv qee qhov kev kho dej hauv nroog loj. Piv txwv li, nyob rau xyoo 1998 thiab 1999, Vanhakaupunki thiab Pitkäkoski cov khoom siv dej hauv Helsinki, Finland tau raug kho dua tshiab thiab cov kab mob tua kab mob ultraviolet tau ntxiv, nrog rau tag nrho cov peev txheej kho tau kwv yees li 12,000 m3 / h; EL hauv Edmonton, Canada Smith Water Supply Plant kuj tau teeb tsa cov chaw tua kab mob ultraviolet nyob ib puag ncig xyoo 2002, nrog kev kho txhua hnub ntawm 15,000 m3 / h.
Thaum Lub Xya Hli 25, 2023, Tuam Tshoj tshaj tawm lub teb chaws tus qauv "Ultraviolet germicidal teeb tus qauv GB 19258-2003". Lub npe lus Askiv yog: Ultraviolet germicidal teeb. Thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 5, 2012, Tuam Tshoj tshaj tawm lub teb chaws tus qauv "Cold cathode ultraviolet germicidal teeb tus qauv GB / T 28795-2012". Lub npe lus Askiv yog: Cold cathode ultraviolet germicidal teeb. Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 29, 2022, Tuam Tshoj tau tshaj tawm "Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob thiab Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Qib Tus Qauv Tus lej ntawm Cov Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob: GB 17896-2022" lub teb chaws tus qauv, lus Askiv tus qauv lub npe: Yam tsawg kawg nkaus tso cai ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob thiab lub zog Cov qib kev ua haujlwm ntawm ballasts rau cov roj tso tawm roj rau cov teeb pom kev dav dav yuav raug siv rau lub Ib Hlis 1, 2024.
Tam sim no, ultraviolet sterilization thev naus laus zis tau tsim los rau hauv kev nyab xeeb, txhim khu kev qha, ua haujlwm zoo thiab ib puag ncig cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Ultraviolet sterilization thev naus laus zis maj mam hloov cov tshuaj tua kab mob ib txwm muaj thiab dhau los ua cov thev naus laus zis qhuav tshuaj tua kab mob. Nws tau siv dav hauv ntau qhov chaw hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws, xws li kev kho cov roj khib nyiab, kev kho dej, kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam, cua kom tsis muaj menyuam, thiab lwm yam.
Post lub sij hawm: Dec-08-2023